Absorbing, mysterious; of infinite richness, this life - Virginia Woolf


Thursday, April 21, 2011

The Next Step: Kosovo

Time to make an annoucement: very shortly this blog will no longer be about life in Bosnia. It doesn't feel like very long ago, but when I started blogging again back in October I mentioned that my contract in Sarajevo would run for six months. And how those six months have hurtled past: I finish my job here tomorrow.

I know that I've never written about my work here, and have rarely if ever mentioned The Organisation. That has been a deliberate decision on my part. Not that the work I do is so very confidential or secret, not that I can't talk about it - at least in a generalised sense - with family or friends, and I'm sure they'd tell you that I certainly don't hold back in doing so when the mood strikes me! But talking about how you spend your days and the issues you work on is different to broadcasting them in print over the airwaves. Perhaps particularly given my recent discovery that you out there in the great unknown are reading this, I am glad I made this decision. Any opinions I might have expressed here would have been entirely my own and not those of my employers or of the International Community in Bosnia per se. But it's hard to separate personal opinions and professional responsibility, and I have never felt that this was the appropriate forum.

Suffice it to say now, as I tidy up my desk and hand back my identity card, that my time here has been an amazing professional experience. I have been working on issues in which I have a great personal and academic interest and which I feel are significant indicators for the path of transition in this country - namely, war crimes trials taking place in the local courts here, conditions in prisons, protection of victims and witnesses and In particular, and perhaps closest to my heart, I have focused on gender issues: sexual violence and rape which took place during the war, as well as post-conflict domestic violence. It hasn't always made for pleasant days at the office, and at times I have found it tough going to immerse myself in the graphic details of these phenomena on a daily basis, but legally I find these issues fascinating and getting to work on them has been a privilege. I won't go into it any more than that here. I have been given some amazing professional opportunities, and my colleagues and supervisors have been wonderful - I can't thank them enough for the faith they've showed in me, willingness to help me learn and, I have no doubt, their patience. It's been a great working environment and that has made a huge difference in fitting in.

You might not have known about it reading this, but my professional experiences have impacted strongly upon the personal observations I've been writing about here. The two are very much intertwined and I'll be honest in saying that I'm pretty gutted to have to finish now. I didn't know what to expect of Bosnia before moving here and, to be honest, never expected to develop a huge affinity with this city and country. But now that the narrative has taken a sudden turn and events are moving quickly, I find that I feel a certain sadness in leaving. I still feel like I'm only getting to know Sarajevo as a city, am comfortable with a great little personal set-up. I've met a really amazing group of people: interesting, well-educated, open-minded and adventurous, together they created an environment which was always stimulating and challenging - in a way reminding me of LSE, for those of you who've heard me talk about my time there. They've made my time in Sarajevo the formative experience it has been, and although most of them don't know about this blog, I feel that I owe them a thank you: the coffees and the house parties and the political arguments would have been meaningless without them.

I feel in many ways like I was only getting started here. Having to leave just at the point at which you start to feel effective is extremely frustrating - and after almost two years of short-term work like this it doesn't get any easier living out of a suitcase, finding short-term accommodation, constantly saying goodbye to friends and worrying about what will come next.

But such is the nature of work in this line of business, and the good news is that I'm not going far and will be staying in the region. I'm transferring to The Organisation's Mission to Kosovo at the start of May, and will be based in Pristina for the summer. After that - who knows. But stay posted for some new observations and musings and random adventures from a new (to me) part of the Former Yugoslavia.

And if anyone has any buddies in Kosova or any recommendations for the best pivo in Pristina, that's what the comment box is for!

In the meantime, I'm off on a roadtrip to Belgrade this weekend, making a midweek jaunt to Croatia to (hopefully) soak up some sun on the coast, and throwing one last party of a Sarajevo weekend. At least I'm easing myself gently into making the next move.

Abdulhadi Al-Khawaja: Update

A quick update on the situation in Bahrain. Zainab Al-Khawaja has called off her hunger strike after ten days. Her health was deteriorating and she has stated that, with the support and encouragement of family, friends and other activists, she decided that she would of more use in speaking on behalf of those in detention if she was healthy. "Being silent in a tomb and not able to speak is not in the interests of my family," she stated.


This decision was also related to the first information the family has recieved about the three men in detention: Abdulhadi reportedly faced a military tribunal during a court hearing this morning, and has been charged with crimes against the state. Abdulhadi was allowed to call the family yesterday and Zainab Al-Khawaja's husband was also allowed to make a phone call. They were allowed to take clothes, toothbrushes and medicenes to deliver to the detainees.


Front Line's Deputy Director, Andrew Anderson, is in Bahrain at the moment but was not allowed to attend the military hearing in Manama this morning, and officials told him they could not confirm that the hearing was taking place.

Read the Guardian's report here and the BBC's report here.


Andrew filmed an appeal from Zainab Al-Khawaja in Manama a few days ago, which you can watch here.

Saturday, April 16, 2011

Petition: Free Abdulhadi


Please sign this petition in support of imprisoned Bahraini human rights activist Abdulhadi Al-Khawaja.

My former colleague at Front Line, on 9 April Abdulhadi was the subject of a police raid in Manama. Security Forces raided his daughter's home where he was staying, beat him unconscious, assaulted several other family members including his daughter, and arrested him along with two of his sons-in-law. His place of detention is unknown, he has had no access to a lawyer and has been denied medication for an ongoing medical condition.

His daughter, Zainab Al-Khawaja, whose husband was also arrested alongside her father, has declared a hunger strike in protest at the arrests and has written an open letter to Barack Obama.

Signing the petition takes only a moment. Printing this letter, signing it with your name and posting it to the King of Bahrain will take only a few moments longer.


The Power of Blogging: Free Abdulhadi Al-Khawaja

Today, over a year after I first started started writing here, I made the mind-blowing discovery that I can track information and statistics about who views this blog. (Me? Technologically slow on the uptake? Behind the times? What??). Alas, Google doesn't so freely share the frightening mountains of information it hoards about all of us to tell me the names or IP addresses of you folks (damn protection of anonymity eh?) but it does provide the number of views per country, and the websites which have been used to find me.

All of you dear readers, I had no idea that you were out there. I am overwhelmed! It turns out that far more people are reading this than I ever imagined. I always presumed that the only people who found this page were friends or acquaintances who I had mentioned it to or who had picked it up on Facebook or the likes. But it's not so; the numbers don't add up. There really are people out there in the great beyond who find me, and who might even be a smidgen interested and read a little bit.

Who would have known, for instance, that somebody or some bodies in South Korea have looked at my page 44 times? Or that there are a hell of a lot of people in Russia interested in this? A Russian search engine is, in fact, the primary sites which refers people here after Google. I don't know anyone in Denmark, or France, or Germany who might be the people reading this there. More people in the US read this than in Ireland, so dear family and friends back home - you're outnumbered. I am shocked!

So to all of you, whoever you are, thank you for making my day, and thank you for reading. I hope you stay and look around a little while as we bump into each other in cyberspace and pass like ships in the night-time blogosphere. I hope you even find it a little interesting. But most of all, I hope you start commenting because I'd love to hear more from whoever is reading this!

Particularly because the most interesting finding of all provided by these new-fangled statistics was that the post with the second-highest numbers of viewings is that in which I wrote about the release of Aung San Suu Kyi and the (then) ongoing detention of Ali Abdulemam (the most-viewed page consisted of very pretty safari photos from Africa). In other words, people have been reading the posts in which I tried to raise awareness and attention about serious problems or issues I cared about. Of course I know how search engines work and how strategically-titled key words can pop up when requested. But I just never had concrete evidence before that it ever actually worked. And it's encouraging.

Which makes it interesting that I came across these statistics today, because all week I have been somewhat torn as to whether I should post about the beating and arrest of my former colleague at Front Line, Abdulhadi Al-Khawaja. A well-established human rights activist in Bahrain, Abdulhadi resigned recently from Front Line to focus his work on the ongoing protest movement in the country. Last week the police raided his daughter's house where he was staying, beat him unconscious, assaulted several other family members, and arrested him along with two of his sons-in-law. Since then his place of detention is unknown, he has had no contact with a lawyer and has reportedly been deprived access to medication for an ongoing health condition.

My first instinct was to write about this here. I worked with Abdulhadi on a daily basis during my time with Front Line and although he was usually based in Manama he visited Dublin several times during the year I worked there. I saw him most recently last autumn. He is an utter gentleman and, as I heard one friend describe him during the week, "a kind and gentle soul". And now he is at high risk of torture, in a country where increasing numbers of peaceful protesters have been been dying in detention.



So of course my first instinct was to write about it because this needs ATTENTION. Immediately. But, I thought, I feel like I lecture everyone about this stuff all the time. I bang on and on about human rights and arrests and injustice and people who are handed a rough lot in life. The friends and family who (I thought) read this blog are no doubt bored to death of my lecturing them on "the issues". Oh how very middle-class and well-educated and liberal of me. Yes, of course we all should do something about it, but don't people get tired of hearing about these things that are terrible but that they can't really do anything about?

Well, two things have struck home with me today. The first is that the response of Abdulhadi's daughter, Zainab Al-Khawaja, to the arrest of her father and husband puts me to shame. After seeing her father beaten unconscious in front of her in her home and having her husband dragged off to an unknown prison, she publicized the arrests on her blog and Twitter, began giving interviews to the international press, wrote a powerful open letter to Barack Obama and declared a hunger strike. Despite the fact that she is a woman living in a repressive Arab state, Zainab Al-Khawaja is the embodiment of how strong, empowered and amazing women can be, regardless of whether they wear a hijab or burka or not. Zainab Al-Khawaja is doing something about it and I find her inspirational.

So no matter how idealistic and naive and plain old cheesy this sounds, the second thing that struck me today, looking at my statistics, is that surprisingly I can do something too, something which might actually have some effect. I have no idea who you are or where you read this or how you come across this, but there's a small chance that you - you back there! - might read this page. And I hope that you, who might be interested in the events taking place around the world in this tumultuous year, might come across this post. A decent, kind-hearted and committed individual has been brutally beaten, arrested and is at high risk of torture because he advocates democracy and an end to the abuses he is now subject to.

So send a letter, sign a petition or show your support for Abdulhadi Al-Khawaja and all other political prisoners and peaceful protesters imprisoned in Bahrain.

Details on sending a letter to the Bahraini authorities can be found here.

Sunday, April 10, 2011

Travelling, Balkan-style

There are two ways to travel around the Former Yugoslavia. You can take a flight with a national airline through an airport in a third country, which remains startlingly expensive (remember what flights used to cost before the budget airline revolution?). Or you can travel overland, which is extremely cheap but requires vast reserves of time, patience and ingenuity. By necessity, that's how I travel.

I recently went for a visit home to Ireland. Flights out of Sarajevo itself cost between 400-500 Euro, involve a stop-over in Budapest, and an overnight stay in Dublin for both incoming and outgoing flights (the curse of living in Kerry). On the other hand, Aer Lingus have just started flights from Dublin to Dubrovnik which are much cheaper, require no change of planes and get into Dublin airport in time to make a train or flight to Killarney. As my flight left Dubrovnik on the Monday morning, I decided that I would use the opportunity to have myself a pleasant day of Adriatic sightseeing. So I booked a sobe (guesthouse) and bought a bus ticket from Sarajevo to Dubrovnik for the Sunday morning. How very pleasant and straightforward, no?

Except... a wild Saturday night got in the way. What can I say? This 'problem' of spontaneity and random adventures is the very reason I love Sarajevo so much. We started out in the former Olympic stadium watching our friend's ice hockey team win the Bosnian championships - it was shown live on television, I'll have you know - before going to a friend's house to watch the Bosnian football team beat Romania in a qualifying game for the European Cup. Within minutes of the game ending, it seemed that everyone who owned a car in Sarajevo had taken to the streets, and was parading around town beeping their horns. The city centre came to a literal standstill as traffic gridlocked and played a symphony of car horns. Following which we ran to Mash, a bar of pulsating trip-hop, sofas and "group" cocktails which come in a wine carafe with long straws so that you can race each other to the bottom of the drink. From there we had to run to Sloga, an old theatre turned into a nightclub where bands and DJs alternate throughout the night. Sloga's Hollywood-style tat and greased up Bosnian menfolk and fog of smoke and dirty beer all literally stink of Yugo-chic - and it's fantastic. Danced for hours. Except that I kept staying for "one more song", and then the clocks changed for spring, and when I left the nightclub after 4am I realised that it was in fact, well after 5am. And I had to get up at 8am.

Fast forward several hours of unconsciousness, and I gradually surfaced from sleep only to realise that my bus had left town two hours earlier. The only bus to Dubrovnik. Queue frantic stumbling around the apartment and panicked phone calls to friends who speak Bosnian and could call the non-English-speaking bus station for me to find a bus - any bus! - that would take me somewhere - anywhere! - remotely near Dubrovnik.

Twenty minutes after I woke up, I had left the apartment and was running up and down my street looking for a taxi to take me to the most far-flung bus station in the city (of course), where I managed to make the last bus out of town with only moments to spare. To be quite honest, in hindsight I'm amazed that I didn't forget my suitcase, wallet or passport.

It was only when I was safely installed on the bus, bouncing up and down rhythmically on my seat above the rear wheel, that I started to realise how unwell I felt. Last night's mixture of the potions and brews of three different bars and a house party would haunt me for the next five hours. The bus wound it's way along curved roads between hills, through gorges and over mountains. Oh it was beautiful, but oh did I curse the gods who made it impossible to build a straight road anywhere in the whole damn country. We stopped and started at every village in Eastern Bosnia - and picked up any number of people who just stood by the side of the road. This was not a coach service between cities but the closest thing Bosnia has to a public transport system. Most of the pickups only went as far as the next town, and all of them seemed to have to squeeze in and out of the only remaining seat beside me on the back wheel, with their shopping bags and boxes and children. And amidst all of this, I was fully sure that someone was going to take my suitcase out of the hold, even if only by accident. It was a long, long afternoon.

I finally ended up in Trebinje, a very small town in southeast Bosnia, just across the border and about 30km from Dubrovnik. Trebinje is surprisingly beautiful. Although inland, it's built entirely of white Adriatic stone and even in March had the mellow warmth of a Mediterranean evening. But it was 6pm on a Sunday in the off-season, and other than a few cafés everything was closed and dead. Something had possessed me before I left Sarajevo to look at the single page of the Lonely Planet that describes Trebinje and to make a mental note of the name of a single hotel. I took one look around the deserted streets and decided that there was no way I was going to walk around town looking for a guesthouse. Ten minutes later, a taxi had dropped me at the door and the young woman who single-handedly ran the whole hotel alone was checking me in, somewhat in shock that someone actually wanted to stay there, unannounced, on a Sunday night.

I was the only person in the hotel. A laminated list of prices was taped to the reception desk. For 30 Euro I had a clean, crisp double room with an en suite bathroom, a small plasma screen TV on the wall, and a large plateful of eggs, cheese and ham in the morning. On the other hand, special rates which were advertised as "The Daily Rest" cost only 20 Euro for a double room. What wonderful value for an afternoon in bed; the problem that I gleefully imagine is the difficulty in this small town of getting in and out of a hotel in daylight without being seen by prying eyes.

I decided to venture out and "see" Trebinje, seeing as how I had gone to all this trouble to get there, but it took all of 20 minutes to circumnavigate the whole town, all the while getting incredulous looks from the locals who were out strolling around in exactly the same manner I was. A new girl walking around town? By herself? A foreign girl? Who on earth is she and what is she doing here?? No one could understand why I, a solitary pizza-eater, was standing on their bridge admiring the sunset. Perhaps it wasn't the most orthodox way to have dinner.

I bought a slice of pizza from a hatch in the wall, got some of Bosnia's best snack food from a kiosk - pretzel sticks filled with peanut butter in the middle, they are genius - had the increasingly startled hotel lady make me a large mug of Bosnian-style coffee, and then at 8pm got into my hotel bed, watched the History Channel - the only English-language channel on my plasma screen - and finally cured my hangover.

I was cheered by the sheer absurdity of watching, in these ridiculous circumstances, the overblown pomposity of a documentary about The Blitz ("Facing everything that Hitler could unleash upon them, the British airforce was Fearless. Organised. Airborne - and Ready").

Until I saw the next documentary, a literal history of torture. Each episode examined a particular historic method of torture, running experiments and reenactments on animal carcasses and then bringing in doctors or scientists to examine the damage and explain in medical terms how the torture worked. Lucky me, I caught an episode about the Rack, which used a pig's leg to demonstrate the effectiveness of the process. The doctor in question was absolutely amazed at how - contrary to all expectations - the crack heard when tightening the rack hadn't in fact snapped the ligaments but only broken the bone - a femur. I was - and still am - profoundly disturbed by this program, which is the reason that I'm writing about it. I watched, dumbstruck, until I eventually managed to snap myself out of my trance of horror and change the channel. I didn't even want the station to take the credit for high ratings for this show. The profound irony of airing this in - of all places in the world - Bosnia defies belief, and elevates this example of alarmingly bad taste to a position where it becomes downright shameful.

Next morning Keko came to pick me up and take me to the airport. Keko's number was given to me by a colleague who had made a similar detour to Trebinje some months back. He drives a silver GTI Volkeswagen Golf, specially modified so that he can drive using only his hands. Keko does not have the use of his legs; as he told me along the way, he had a motorcycle accident a few years back, and now makes a living driving people around. He's not a taxi, he told me repeatedly. "I only drive my friends. Friends like you" he said with a wink. Keko's quite the dude - he's probably about 30 and told me he used to be a DJ, and I imagine he's a force to be reckoned with when it comes to the ladies.

He doesn't have much English and I don't have much Bosnian, but we had the chats regardless. I tried to tell him the story of how I had ended up in Trebinje, because I had too many parties on Saturday night. "Oh, me too!" he interrupted. "I had very hard party Saturday night. I got out at 6 in the morning!" Oh, so Trebinje has good parties then? "No, not really", he shrugged, shaking his head. Well, full marks for effort regardless then?!

I ask him about being a DJ. He used to like playing "different stuff, not the Balkan stuff. I like this," he says pointing to his car stereo. "Something different for club, you know?" I like it too - mellow, funked-up jazz mixed with some trip-hop. I ask him who is the musician or DJ. "No no! This is mix!" Oh. Oh right then. I knew that. "But this not for club!" He looks at me wildly, amused because I'm a total amateur. "This is too quiet. I make it better for parties". Well, of course you do.

Keko has friends, lots of friends. "I have many friends in Dubrovnik, and even in Sarajevo. Maybe I'll come there in August. For parties. Sarajevo has good parties."

"Sarajevo does have good parties," I say. He nods sagely. "Yes. You like Sarajevo?" I do. "Well, maybe I'll see you in August. I'll come with some friends. This is your number for Sarajevo?" He gestures to his mobile phone. It is. "You have apartment in Sarajevo?"

I'm amused with where this conversation is going. "I do," I say, "But I think you would have a problem there because I have many stairs". He says "Yes!" and looks delighted. I'm pretty sure he doesn't know what 'stairs' means.

Just past the Croatian border we're stopped by plainclothes police at an informal roadblock. Their detailed questions about where we are from, where we are going and what we do make it clear that this is not a routine check. My guess is they're looking for someone specific, probably following a tip off. Afterwards I ask Keko if this is normal. He shrugs. "No. But this road is for Montenegro. You see Montenegro? It's over there." So it is; we're high on a mountain road, with a magnificent view of the coast, and those hills just over there are another country. "After Montenegro is Albania," Keko shrugs, "and there are bad people there". Hello, organised crime. Well, it wouldn't be a proper road trip without a few of the best Balkan clichés along the way.

When Keko finally drops me off at the airport he wishes me Sretan Put and asks if I'm on Facebook. I smile and say that I am but it's very hard to find me. He laughs uproariously, beams a big Balkan smile, shakes my hand and zooms off.

Inside, the airport is deserted. I have started to panic that after all of this I've come on the wrong day, before eventually seeing one little check-in desk lit up in a far corner. The girl tells me that only 15 people will be on the flight - it's Aer Lingus' very first flight out of Croatia since October last year; the schedule has just restarted for summer. Sitting at the gate, I watch the Irish brigade shuffle off the incoming flight. The word 'shuffle' is not an exaggeration: 80% are of a certain age and are undoubtedly pilgrims going to Međugorje. Many are using walking sticks, and there is more than one pair of crutches on the plane. Međugorje is, in fact, in Bosnia, and I've talked to people before about what a shame it is that Bosnia gets absolutely no benefit from it. Almost all pilgrims fly into Croatia, stay in Croatia, pay in Euro or Croatian Kuna, and probably don't even realise they've entered another country when going to the shrine on day trips. It's a heartbreaking waste of potential for Bosnia.

As I enter the plane I see those homely, freckled Irish faces wearing those blue-green uniforms, which is the point at which every Irish person begins to feel like they're almost home. My assigned seat - of course - is in the very back row of seats, so I'd only walked halfway through the plane before I asked an air hostess with a smile if I won't cause too much trouble by sitting somewhere closer. She laughed and told me it's no problem.

"To be honest though," she confided, "We're surprised there are even 15 of you flying with us today. We didn't think there'd be anyone". I try to surpress my smile - this might be the first direct flight to Ireland out of the entire Balkan region in six months, but it's hardly difficult to get here. How isolated and remote a place - how different a world - does she think this can be, after all?

The air hostess watched me for a moment, and then continued confidentially, "Do you mind me asking? But.... how exactly did you get here anyway?"

Oh, if only she knew.


Wednesday, April 6, 2011

6 April

Today is the City of Sarajevo day. 19 years ago today, the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina declared independence from Yugoslavia and fighting began in Sarajevo: two women were killed by shots fired on a crowd of peace protesters marching towards the parliament building. Shelling of the city began not long afterwards. The siege was fully established by 2 May 1992.

A memorial service was about to begin when I passed by the Eternal Flame on my way to work this morning: men in suits were collecting wheel-shaped, beribboned wreaths from a florist across the street while policemen in dress uniforms stood by the flame, looking rather proudly self-conscious wearing their best brass.

Just as you've become comfortable in Bosnia and forget the things that happened here - as you go about your everyday business, busy and distracted by important matters like getting to work on time - Sarajevo has a tendency to bite back with incidents like these.

Back in February, I was on my way to my local fruit and vegetable market one Saturday lunchtime to do my usual weekly veggie stock-up. Except that my local fruit and veg market is the Markale, and there was no market that day. As I approached I noticed that the road alongside was cordoned off to traffic and inside, the rectangular concrete space was filled with men and women in suits, heels and fur coats, solemnly standing with shoulders joined as the national anthem was played over loudspeakers. As it ended, a middle-aged man in an army uniform began to slowly read out words which I didn't initially understand. As the minutes went by and the words continued, I realised that it was a list of names: victims of the Markale massacres, whose anniversary was being commemorated that day. So no fruit or veg or haggling over prices with farmers, just an endless list of the names of the dead on an ordinary Saturday afternoon. I stood at the back and listened for a few moments, watching persons in the crowd who were clearly still bowed with grief 16 years later. I didn't stay long before I crept away, feeling like a voyeur who had no place intruding on their memories.

Incidentally, the main war crimes for which Radovan Karadžić - you'll remember him as the one who was found moonlighting as an alternative healer in Belgrade in 2008 - is currently on trial in the Hague include atrocities committed during the Siege of Sarajevo, particularly the Markale incidents. He has defended himself by claiming in court that Bosnian Muslims shelled their own civilians as they queued for food and water, in order to win the public support internationally which eventually led to NATO intervention in the conflict. I thought of that as I watched the crowd of mourners remembering death on an ordinary afternoon.

Today on the City of Sarajevo Day, I heard some stories from colleagues about their experiences of the start of the war. Although I'd talked to one particular colleague in the office every day for the last six months, for instance, it was only today that she told me that on 6 April 1992 she happened to be at a friend's house when the fighting started. She couldn't get back home to her family in the part of the city where they lived because they had been separated by the front lines. She managed instead to get out of Sarajevo some days or weeks later, and eventually borrowed some Deutschmarks and managed to get to Croatia, because she happened to have a friend there who offered her a place to stay. She didn't see her family again until 1996, after the war ended. All because she happened to be in a friend's house when the war began.

It tells you everything about postwar Bosnia that only the start of wars are commemorated here, but not their conclusion. Unlike celebrations which still mark Armistice Day in 1918 or VE Day in 1945, for instance, Bosnians only remember the days that it all started. The 15th anniversary of the Dayton Accords - the peace agreements which marked the official end of the war - would have passed entirely unnoticed last December if Richard Holbrooke, the diplomat mainly responsible for the conclusion of the agreement, hadn't died by coincidence on the same day.

No victory in this war, just victimhood.